Understanding Conjunctivitis: Red Eye in Mombasa

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Understanding Conjunctivitis: Red Eye in Mombasa

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "red eye," is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent layer that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. This condition can be caused by various factors such as viruses, bacteria, allergens, or irritants. In Mombasa, Kenya, conjunctivitis has been reported, and understanding its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment is crucial for public health awareness and management.

Causes of Conjunctivitis:

  1. Viral Conjunctivitis: Often caused by adenovirus, this type is highly contagious and can spread through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces.

  2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. It can also spread through direct contact or contaminated objects.

  3. Allergic Conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. It results from the body's immune response to these allergens, leading to inflammation of the conjunctiva.

  4. Irritant Conjunctivitis: Caused by exposure to irritants like smoke, chemicals, or chlorine in swimming pools. It can also occur due to foreign bodies entering the eye.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis:

  • Redness: The hallmark symptom of conjunctivitis is redness in one or both eyes due to inflammation of blood vessels in the conjunctiva.
  • Watery Discharge: Viral and allergic conjunctivitis typically present with clear, watery discharge, while bacterial conjunctivitis may produce a thicker, yellow or greenish discharge.
  • Itching or Burning Sensation: Allergic conjunctivitis is often accompanied by itching or burning sensation in the eyes.
  • Gritty Feeling: Some individuals may experience a gritty sensation in the eyes, as if there is sand or dirt present.
  • Sensitivity to Light: Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, can occur, especially in cases of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis.

Prevention of Conjunctivitis:

  • Good Hygiene Practices: Encourage frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after touching the eyes or coming into contact with potentially contaminated surfaces.
  • Avoid Touching Eyes: Refrain from rubbing or touching the eyes to prevent the spread of infection.
  • Avoid Sharing Personal Items: Items such as towels, pillowcases, and makeup should not be shared to minimize the risk of transmission.
  • Protective Eyewear: When engaging in activities that may expose the eyes to irritants or allergens, wear protective eyewear.
  • Stay Home When Sick: Individuals with conjunctivitis should avoid close contact with others and stay home until the symptoms resolve to prevent spreading the infection.

Treatment of Conjunctivitis:

  • Viral Conjunctivitis: Typically resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks without specific treatment. Cold compresses and artificial tears may provide relief from discomfort.
  • Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments may be prescribed to shorten the duration of symptoms and reduce the risk of transmission.
  • Allergic Conjunctivitis: Antihistamine eye drops or oral medications can help alleviate symptoms. Avoiding allergens is essential in managing allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Irritant Conjunctivitis: Removing the irritant from the eye and rinsing the eye with clean water can help alleviate symptoms. Artificial tears may provide relief from discomfort.

Seeking Medical Attention:

  • Severe Symptoms: If symptoms worsen or persist despite home remedies, medical attention should be sought.
  • Complications: In rare cases, conjunctivitis can lead to complications such as corneal ulcers or keratitis, especially if left untreated.

In conclusion, conjunctivitis is a common eye condition that can affect individuals in Mombasa and elsewhere. By understanding its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, individuals can take proactive measures to protect their eye health and prevent the spread of infection within the community. Additionally, raising awareness about conjunctivitis through public health campaigns and education initiatives can help promote early detection and prompt treatment, ultimately reducing the burden of this condition on affected individuals and healthcare systems.



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